&nbsp;

> "Every expert was once a beginner." — **Unknown**
 
&nbsp;


### 🌐 Overview of the Target Audience 


This course is specifically designed for:
- **Absolute Beginners**: If you've never written a line of code before, don't fret! This course starts at the very beginning.
- **Aspiring Developers**: Looking to shift to a tech role? This can be your first step towards becoming a developer.
- **Curious Minds**: Anyone curious about programming and wanting to learn the fundamentals with Python.

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;

### 💻 Basic Computer Skills Needed

While we begin with the basics of programming, some elementary computer skills will be beneficial:
1. **File Management**: Knowing how to create, save, and manage files on your computer.
2. **Browsing the Internet**: Understanding how to use a web browser and search for information.
3. **Using a Text Editor**: Simple tasks like opening, editing, and saving text files.

**Note**: These are foundational skills and can be easily mastered with a little practice if you're not familiar.

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;

### 🚫 No Prior Programming Experience Required

- **Begin with Confidence**: This course assumes zero prior knowledge of programming. Every term, every concept, and every line of code will be explained in detail.
- **Interactive Exercises**: Engage with numerous exercises designed for beginners to reinforce your learning.
- **Real-world Examples**: Throughout the course, you'll see *real-world* scenarios making the programming concepts relatable.

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;

**Up Next**: Dive deeper into the course's structure, content, and expected outcomes in the following lesson: *What to Expect?* 🛠

Who is this Course for ?

&nbsp;

> **Programming is like embarking on an exciting journey.** Have you ever embarked on a journey without knowing what to expect? How did that feel? As you pack your bags with enthusiasm and curiosity, you might be wondering, "What awaits me in this new adventure?" Let's dive in and uncover the path ahead!

&nbsp;


### 🐍 A Brief about the Python Language 🐍

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language. 

When we say a language is high-level, it means it's closer to human language and further from machine code, making it easier to read and write. Interpreted means that Python code is executed line-by-line instead of being compiled all at once, which offers flexibility during development.

What sets Python apart is its *simplicity and readability*, making it especially suitable for beginners. 

With a rich history dating back to the late 1980s and a vibrant community, Python has become one of the **most popular programming languages in the world**.

From web development to artificial intelligence, Python's flexibility makes it a choice tool for various real-world applications.

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;

### 📘 Course Structure and Content 📘

1. **Why Programming and Python**: Here, you'll understand why programming is essential, have a broad overview of Python's capabilities, and by the end installed Python3 on your machine.

2. **Basics of Python Programming**: Your first dive into Python's core. By the end, you'll be familiarized with python variables and operators, along with being able to receive input from an user and manipulate strings.
3. **Control Structures**: Learn how to direct your code using conditional statements and loops, enabling you to make decisions in your programs.
4. **Data Structures in Python**: Get introduced to the pillars of data organization - lists, tuples, and dictionaries. Organize and store data efficiently.
5. **Functions in Python**: Learn to encapsulate code for better organization and reusability, giving your code more structure and clarity.
6. **Putting It All Together**: Consolidate your learning with a fun project, and explore where to head next in your Python journey.

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;

### 🎓 Learning Outcomes 🎓

- **Fundamental Knowledge**: By the end of this course, you will have a firm grasp on the foundational concepts of Python.
- **Practical Skills**: You'll be adept at writing Python scripts, solving real-world problems, and creating small applications.
- **Future Readiness**: You will be prepared to dive deeper into the world of Python, whether that's web development, data science, or even game design!

&nbsp;

🌐 **Reflective Question**: What excites you the most about learning Python? Is it the possibility of building your apps, analyzing data, or something else? 🤔


&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;

### 📌 Further Reading 📌

- [Python's Official Website](https://www.python.org/)

&nbsp;

**In Conclusion**: This journey promises the basic knowledge, hands-on skills, and a gateway to countless opportunities. With dedication and curiosity, you'll soon find yourself not just coding, but *thinking* like a programmer. Ready to start your journey? Proceed to the next chapter! 🚀

What to Expect ?

Prerequisites and Expectations

&nbsp;

> "In the future, there will be two types of jobs: those that involve programming computers, and those that involve being programmed by them." — An imagined quote from a future thinker

&nbsp;


### 🤖 What is Programming?

Before we delve into the 'why', let's very quickly address the 'what'. 

At its core, **programming** is the act of giving instructions to a computer. Think of it as writing a recipe for the computer to follow. 

Just as a chef needs to understand the steps in a recipe to create a dish, a computer needs to understand the instructions (code) written by a programmer to perform tasks. 

These tasks can range from simple ones like displaying a message on the screen to complex ones like processing vast amounts of data or controlling robotic equipment.

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;

### 🌎 Real-world Applications and Examples

**Every** aspect of our daily lives is touched by the magic of programming. From the way our morning alarms function to how our favorite online platforms recommend content, programming plays a pivotal role.

1. **Healthcare**: Algorithms help in diagnosing diseases, predicting patient inflows, and even robot-assisted surgery.
2. **Finance**: Think of high-frequency trading systems, fraud detection, and personal finance management apps.
3. **Entertainment**: Netflix's recommendation system, or the CGI effects in the latest blockbuster movies? All programmed.
4. **Daily utilities**: From smart home devices like Alexa to GPS in our vehicles.

*Did you know?* 
> The algorithms behind Google Search process over **3.5 billion** searches every day!

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;


### 🚀 Career Prospects and Opportunities

In the 21st century, programming isn't just for "programmers". Having coding skills under your belt can open doors in numerous fields:

- **Software Development**: Obviously! Building apps, websites, and software solutions.
- **Data Analysis and Data Science**: Dive deep into data, extract insights, and drive decisions.
- **Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning**: Creating smart solutions and predictions.
- **Digital Marketing**: Automate tasks, analyze web traffic, and optimize ad campaigns.
- **Research & Academia**: Simulate real-world phenomena or analyze large datasets.
- **Freelancing Opportunities**: Offer your skills online and take on diverse projects.

**Why is this relevant?**
With the rapid digital transformation, industries are looking for talents who can harness the power of code. A study showed that programming jobs are growing **12% faster** than the market average!

&nbsp;

🌐 **Reflect**: 
- Can you think of any job roles not mentioned above that would benefit from programming knowledge?
- How might learning to program change your current job role or career trajectory?


&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;
### 📌 Additional Resources

- [Stack Overflow - Developer Survey Results](https://survey.stackoverflow.co/2023/)

&nbsp;

**Coming up next:** Dive into the world of Python and discover why it's loved by beginners and experts alike!


Why Learn Programming ?

&nbsp;

> **Did you know?** The name 'Python' was inspired by the British comedy show "Monty Python's Flying Circus", not the snake. Dive into this fun and user-friendly language with a touch of humor!


&nbsp;

### 🌍 Popularity and Community

1. **Ubiquity**: Python is among the **top programming languages** in the world, powering websites, applications, and various tools. Companies like Google, Instagram, and Spotify utilize Python for numerous applications.
    - **Fact**: According to the TIOBE index, Python is consistently one of the top 3 programming languages.
2. **Community**: The Python community is vast, welcoming, and ever-growing. 
    - Numerous conferences, such as PyCon, offer opportunities for learning and networking.
    - There are extensive online forums, including Stack Overflow, partly dedicated to Python help and discussions.
3. **Resources**: With its increasing popularity, there's a **wealth of tutorials, libraries, and tools** available, making it beginner-friendly and adaptable for advanced users.

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;

### 🛠 Flexibility and Versatility

1. **Multiple Domains**: Python isn't restricted to something specific. It's versatile in:
    - Data analysis
    - Artificial Intelligence
    - Scientific computing
    - Game development
    - And much more!
2. **Libraries**: Python boasts a multitude of libraries and frameworks, such as Django for web development and TensorFlow for machine learning, enabling rapid development.
3. **Integration**: Python integrates well with other languages like C, C++, or Java, making it suitable for diverse projects.

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;

### ✨ Simplicity and Readability

1. **Intuitive Syntax**: Python's syntax is clean and straightforward, often resembling plain English. This makes it particularly **easy for beginners** to pick up.
    - *Example*: `print("Hello, World!")` is all you need to display a message. In many other languages, you'd need multiple lines or more complex commands for this simple task.
2. **Readability**: Python enforces indentation, fostering clean and consistent code. This aids in collaborative environments, ensuring everyone can understand and contribute efficiently.
3. **Quick Prototyping**: Python allows for quick development and testing, making it a go-to for prototypes and MVPs (Minimum Viable Products).

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;


🌐 **Reflective Question**: Considering the advantages mentioned above, in which domain or project would you first like to apply your Python skills? Keep your thoughts in mind for later !

&nbsp;

### 📌 Additional Resources
- [Python's Official Website](https://www.python.org/)
- [Python Community](https://www.python.org/community/)
- [TIOBE Index](https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/)

&nbsp;

**Coming up next:** Let's get you started by installing Python3 on your machine !




Why Python ?

&nbsp;

> "The beginning is the most important part of the work." - Plato. As you embark on your Python programming journey, let's set up the foundational tools you'll need.

&nbsp;

## 1️⃣ Downloading and Installing Python

Python is one of the most user-friendly languages to install. Let's guide you through this seamless process.

### Steps:

1. **Visit the official Python website** 🌐: Navigate to the [Python official website](https://www.python.org/downloads/).

2. **Download the latest version**: Click on the "Download Python" button. This will automatically suggest the best version for your system.
3. **Run the installer**: Once downloaded, open the installer and ensure you check the box that says *'Add Python to PATH'* before proceeding. This will make your life easier!
4. **Follow the on-screen instructions**: The installation process is intuitive. Click 'Next' until installation completes.

&nbsp;

> **Note**: If you run into any challenges, remember that the Python community is vast and helpful. Search for your problem online, and you will without a doubt find a solution!

&nbsp;



## 2️⃣ First Look: The Python Shell 🖥

Upon successful installation, it's time to dive into the Python Shell – your new playground!

### Steps:

1. **Open Python Shell**: Navigate to your computer's search bar, type in "Python", and select the application named **Python (your version number)**, alternatively you can also start a new terminal and type "python"

2. You'll see a window with **">>>"**. This is the Python Shell, awaiting your commands.
3. **Familiarize yourself** with the environment. It might look simple now, but this is where all the magic happens! At least for now, later we'll switch to a more complete environment.

&nbsp;

> **Fun Fact**: The Python Shell is also called the *REPL* (Read Evaluate Print Loop), indicating its ability to immediately execute and display Python code!

&nbsp;

## 3️⃣ Hands-on Exercise: Printing "Hello, World!" 📜

Your inaugural program in any language is traditionally a simple print statement. Let's keep the tradition alive!

### Steps:

1. In the Python Shell, type:

   ```print("Hello, World!")```
2. Press *Enter*.
3. Voilà! You've just executed your first Python program. You should see **Hello, World!** printed on the screen.

&nbsp;

**Congratulations** 🎉! You are now officially a Python programmer.

&nbsp;
---
&nbsp;

### 📌 Chapter Summary 

**Key Takeaways:**
- **Python installation** is straightforward. Always remember to add Python to PATH.
- The **Python Shell (REPL)** is an interactive environment where you can execute Python commands.
- Printing **"Hello, World!"** is a rite of passage in the programming world.

&nbsp;

### 📚 Additional Resources: Python setup troubleshooting

- [Python Installation Guide](https://docs.python.org/3/using/index.html)
- [Common Installation Issues](https://docs.python.org/3/using/windows.html#installation-issues)

Setting Up Python

&nbsp;

> **Programming is not just about writing code. It's about solving problems. This chapter helped you take your first step into this universe.**

&nbsp;



## 🌟 Key Takeaways

### 1. **Why Learn Programming?**
- Programming is everywhere in our *digital age*, from mobile apps to vast databases.
- It offers fantastic **career prospects** with varied opportunities in numerous industries.

&nbsp;

### 2. **Why Python?**
- **Popularity & Community:** Python boasts a vibrant community, making it easier for beginners to seek help and resources.
- **Flexibility & Versatility:** Python is not just a language; it's a toolbox. From web development to data science, Python has got you covered.
- **Simplicity & Readability:** Python is user-friendly, making it ideal for beginners due to its straightforward syntax.

&nbsp;

### 3. **Setting up Python**
- We discussed how to **download and install** Python.
- Took our first glance at the Python Shell - your gateway to interactive programming.
- Practiced with a hands-on exercise, bringing the iconic *"Hello, World!"* to life.


Chapter Summary

Why Programming and Python

&nbsp;

> Did you know? When coding, variables act like containers where we store our data. They're like the labeled boxes in your attic where you keep old toys, books, and clothes. Every box (or variable) has a label, and inside each box is an item (or data). Let's dive deeper!

&nbsp;


## 📜 Objectives
&nbsp;
**By the end of this lesson, you'll be able to:**
1. **Understand** the concept of variables in programming.
2. **Identify and use** the most common data types in Python: String, Integer, and Float.
3. **Create and print** variables in Python.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;


## 1. Understanding Variables

Variables can be thought of as containers that store data values.

Imagine you have a bunch of labeled boxes in your attic. Each label describes what's inside the box. A box labeled "Holiday Decorations" might contain ornaments and lights, while another labeled "Old Photos" might have photographs from your childhood.

In the world of programming, a variable is like one of those boxes. The label on the box is the name of the variable, and the contents inside the box are the data value that the variable holds. Just like you can change what's inside the box, you can also change the value stored in a variable.

&nbsp;

In Python, creating a variable is simple. You just have to:

1. Come up with a name for the variable. (It's the label on a box from our above analogy)

2. Use the `=` symbol (which means "assign" in this context).
3. Provide the data you want to store. (What's inside the box)

&nbsp;

For example:

```name = "John"```

Here, `name` is our variable, and `"John"` is the data we've stored in it.

&nbsp;

#### 📌 Note on Python Variable Naming:

While choosing names for your variables, keep the following in mind:
- Variable names should start with a letter or an underscore (_), not with a number.
- They should only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ ).
- Names are case-sensitive (`age`, `Age`, and `AGE` are **three different** variables).
- And, of course, names should be self-explicit, `Age` should not be used hold a person name.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## 2. Common Data Types: String, Integer, Float

Great, so variables are like containers we can name and store data inside. 

But just as in the real world where we have different types of containers for different things - like a jar for jam, a bottle for water, or a basket for fruits - in programming, we also have different types of 'containers' based on what kind of data we want to store. 

This specific kind of 'container' or category is what we call its **type**.

&nbsp;

Every piece of data we use in Python has a "type". It helps the computer understand not just what the data is, but how to work with it.

Think of it this way: You wouldn’t pour milk into a paper bag because it's not the right container type for liquid. 

Similarly, in Python, each data type ensures that the data is stored and managed in the most suitable way. 

Many data types exists in Python, but for now the three main basic we'll explore are:

&nbsp;

### 2.1 String (`str`)
Strings are sequences of characters. They can include letters, numbers, symbols, and are always enclosed in either single (' ') or double (" ") quotes.

**Example:**
```hello = "Hello, World!"```

&nbsp;

### 2.2 Integer (`int`)
Integers are whole numbers. They can be positive, negative, or zero.

**Example:**
```age = 25```

&nbsp;

### 2.3 Float (`float`)
Floats represent real numbers. They include decimal points.

**Example:**
```price = 19.99```

&nbsp;

>🌐 **Think about it:** Can you identify the data types of the following: 12.345, "12345" and 12345?

&nbsp;


### 📘 Dynamic Typing in Python:

Python is what we call a dynamically typed language. What does that mean? 

Imagine you have a box, and sometimes you put toys in it, sometimes books, and sometimes candies. You don’t label the box with "toys" or "books" or "candies" beforehand. Instead, whatever you put inside determines what the box contains at that moment.

Similarly, in Python, you don’t need to tell the computer in advance whether a variable will hold a number, a piece of text, or some other kind of data. 

The computer figures it out for itself when you assign a value to the variable. So, if you have a variable `x`, and you assign it the value `10`, Python understands that `x` is an integer.

Later on, if you assign `x` the value `"hello"`, Python then understands that `x` is now a string. This automatic figuring out of the data type is one of the things that makes Python very friendly for beginners. Isn't that convenient?

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## 3. Hands-on Exercise: Creating and Printing Variables

Before we start, ensure that you have the Python Shell open.

Navigate to your computer's search bar, type in "Python", and select the application named **Python (your version number)**. Alternatively you can also launch the Shell by typing `python` (or `python3` on some systems) in your command prompt or terminal.

&nbsp;

Now, let's dive in!

1. In the Python Shell, create a string variable named `greeting` with the value "Hello".
2. Create an integer variable named `year` with the value of the current year.
3. Create a float variable named `average` with any decimal value.
4. Print each variable using the `print()` function.

**Your inputs in the Python Shell should look something like this:**
```
>>> greeting = "Hello"
>>> print(greeting)
Hello
>>> year = 2023
>>> print(year)
2023
>>> average = 4.56
>>> print(average)
4.56
```

> 🌐 **Action:** Let's try something... What if we do `print(greeting, year)` ? Only one way to know !

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## 📜 In Conclusion...

Congratulations! 🎉 

You've taken another step into the world of programming. Now that you understand variables and common data types, you're ready to delve deeper into the wonders of Python programming!

**Up Next:** Dive into basic operations with arithmetic and comparison operators. Ready to do some math? 🧮



Variables and Data Types

&nbsp;

> Did you know? Operators are the building blocks of most programs. They're like the verbs in a programming language, letting us perform actions and make decisions.

&nbsp;

## 📜 Objectives
&nbsp;
**By the end of this lesson, you'll be able to:**
1. **Understand and utilize** arithmetic operators.
2. **Familiarize yourself** with comparison operators.
3. **Perform** basic arithmetic operations in Python.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **1. Arithmetic Operators 🧮**

Arithmetic operators allow you to perform mathematical operations on numbers. 

Think of arithmetic operators like the buttons on a calculator. When you press `+`, you're telling the calculator to add the numbers you've entered!

&nbsp;

- **Addition (+)**: Adds values on either side of the operator.
  - Example: `5 + 3` results in `8`

&nbsp;

- **Subtraction (-)**: Subtracts right operand from the left.
  - Example: `8 - 3` results in `5`

&nbsp;

- **Multiplication (*)**: Multiplies values on either side of the operator.
  - Example: `5 * 3` results in `15`


&nbsp;

- **Division (/)**: Divides left operand by the right one.
  - Example: `8 / 2` results in `4.0`

> Note something here for the division ! We are using `8` and `2`, which are both of type integer, so whole numbers, but the result is `4.0`, which is of type float !  `/` operator will always result in a floating-point number


&nbsp;

- **Modulus (%)**:  Divides the left operand by the right and returns the remainder. It's handy when you want to find out if a number is divisible by another.
  - Example: `9 % 2` results in `1` because when 9 is divided by 2, the remainder is 1.
  - `16 % 2` result in `0`

&nbsp;

- **Exponentiation ( ** )**: Raises the left operand to the power of the right.
  - Example: `4 ** 2` results in `16`

&nbsp;

### Reminder : Combining Operators and Order of Operations 🤹

In programming, just like in math, you're not restricted to using only one operator at a time. You can chain multiple operators together in a single expression. 

However, it's crucial to understand that these operations don't just get executed from left to right; they follow a specific sequence known as the **order of operations**.

&nbsp;

Remember PEMDAS/BODMAS from school math? It stands for:

- P/B: Parentheses (or Brackets)
- E/O: Exponents (or Orders, like squared or cubed numbers)
- MD: Multiplication and Division (from left to right)
- AS: Addition and Subtraction (from left to right)

&nbsp;

Python follows this order when evaluating expressions.



Examples:

- `3 + 2 * 4` would result in `20` if we just went from left to right. But following the order of operations, we first multiply, then add, so the actual result is `3 + 8 = 11`.

- `5 + 12 / 4 - 3` is evaluated as `5 + 3 - 3`, resulting in `5`.

- `4 * (2 + 3)` will give `20`, because the addition inside the parentheses is performed first.

> Remember, when in doubt, you can always use parentheses to ensure the operations are carried out in the order you intend!

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **2. Comparison Operators 🔍**

Comparison operators are tools that let you compare two values. These will come particularly handy in the next chapter when you learn about control structures!

Unlike arithmetic operators, which give you numerical results, comparison operators answer in terms of "True" or "False". This "True" or "False" response is known as a Boolean value, a fundamental concept in programming that you'll encounter often.

&nbsp;

- **Equal to (==)**: Checks if the values are the same. It's like asking, "Are these two things the same?".

  - Example: `5 == 5` results in `True`
  - `5 == 3` results in `False`
>**This is different from the single equals sign (`=`)**, which is used for assigning values to variables !

&nbsp;

- **Not equal to (!=)**: Checks if the values are different. It's like asking, "Are these two things different ?"
  - Example: `5 != 3` results in `True`
   - `5 != 5` results in `False` 

&nbsp;

- **Greater than (>)**: Checks if the value on the left is greater than the one on the right. It's like asking, "Is the left value greater than the right value ?"
  - Example: `5 > 3` results in `True`
  - `5 > 5` results in `False`
  - `5 > 7` results in `False`

&nbsp;

- **Less than (<)**: Checks if the value on the left is less than the one on the right. It's like asking, "Is the left value lower than the right value ?"
  - Example: `3 < 5` results in `True`
  - `3 < 3` results in `False`
  - `3 < 1` results in `False`

&nbsp;

- **Greater than or equal to (>=)**: Like `>`, but also returns `True` if the values are equal. It's like asking, "Is the left value greater or equal to the right value ?"
  - Example: `5 >= 3` results in `True`
  - `5 >= 5` results in `True`
  - `5 >= 7` results in `False`

&nbsp;

- **Less than or equal to (<=)**: Like `<`, but also returns `True` if the values are equal. It's like asking, "Is the left value lower or equal to the right value ?"
  - Example: `3 <= 5` results in `True`
  - `3 <= 3` results in `True`
  - `3 <= 1` results in `False`

&nbsp;

Comparison operators are the backbone of decision-making in programs (which you'll dive deeper into in the next chapter!).

Think of them like the questions we ask daily: "Is it raining outside?", "Is the traffic light red?", or "Is my battery level below 20%?".

For instance, a weather app might decide whether to display an umbrella or sunglasses icon based on: `if temperature > 75: display(sun_icon)`.


&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **3. Hands-on Exercise: Simple arithmetic operations 📝**

Let's dive in and try out these operators in Python for ourselves!

1. **Setup**:  If you haven't already, open your Python Shell.
2. **Basic Operations**: Enter the following expressions and observe the results. Here's what you should expect:

- `7 * 3` — Multiplication: Expected result is `21`.
- `8 / 4` — Division: Expected result is `2.0` (notice it's a float!).
- `9 % 5` — Modulus (remainder of the division): Expected result is `4`.
- `6 ** 3` — Exponentiation: Expected result is `216`.
- `5 == 5` — Comparison: Expected result is `True`.
- `4 != 6` — Not equal: Expected result is `True`.

3. **Challenge**:

- Try combining operators! What is the result of `(5 + 3) * 2`? Expected result is `16`, remember order of operations !
- Extra Challenge: What about `(5 + 3) * 2 - 4 / 2`? Try to predict the result before entering it!

4. **Explore**:

- Come up with your own expressions. Try combining different operators and values. 
- What happens if you use a combination of arithmetic and comparison operators, like `5 * 3 == 15`?


&nbsp;
---

### **Next Lesson: 📜 Input and Output**

Move on to the next lesson to learn how to interact with users and display results in Python!


&nbsp;



Basic Operators

&nbsp;

> "The two most powerful warriors are patience and time." - Leo Tolstoy

But in programming, the most powerful warriors can be understanding input and output!
&nbsp;

## 📜 Objectives
&nbsp;
**By the end of this lesson, you'll be able to:**

1. Use Python's built-in `input()` function to gather user input.
2. Display data to users using the `print()` function.
3. Format your print outputs with Python f-strings.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## 1. Getting Input from the User 🤔

In programming, there will be many situations where you'll need to interact with the user by asking for data or values. Python makes this easy with the `input()` function.

Syntax: `input("Your prompt message here")`

&nbsp;  
**Example: Try this in your shell** :

`>>> name = input("What's your name? ")`  
`>>> print("Hello, " + name + "!")`

&nbsp;

Notice that the data returned from input() is always a string, regardless of what the user types. If you need a number, you'll have to convert it (something we'll touch upon in future lessons!).


&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## 2. Displaying Information with print() 📢

The `print()` function allows us to communicate information back to the user. 

This is something we've already used multiple time so you should hopefully start to get used to it by now ! However we've just seen it's most simple form, simple printing. 

The `print()`function has actually a lot more up his sleeve, but here we'll just look at a small substet of it's feature

&nbsp;

- **Simple printing** :

The one you should be used to by now !

`>>> print("Welcome to the world of Python!")`


&nbsp;

- **Printing Multiple Items** :

Separate items with commas to print them in sequence.

`>>> age = 25`  
`>>> print("I am", age, "years old.")`

Will output `I am 25 years old.`


&nbsp;

- **Customizing print() with separators** :

By default, items are separated with a space in `print()`. You can customize this using the `sep` argument.

`>>> print("Hello", "World", sep="-")`

Will output `Hello-World`


&nbsp;

- **Customizing the End of Print Outputs** : 

By default, `print()` ends with a newline, which means the next `print()` will be on a new line. You can change this with the `end` argument:

`>>> print("This is on one line", end=". ")`  

Will output `This is on one line. `

&nbsp;

> A new line in python is represented by a "backslash n", `\n`. So by default the end argument is set to `end="\n"`.    
Note that you can also place `\n` inside strings themselves ! For example try `print("Hello \n How are you today ?")` and observe the result !


&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## 3. Using Python Formatted Strings 🖋️

One of the powerful ways to customize outputs in Python is by using formatted strings, often abbreviated as "f-strings".

f-strings provide a concise and convenient way to embed expressions inside string literals. This is done by prefacing your strings by the letter f, and placing your variables inside of curly braces.

Syntax: `f"Your text here {your_variable_here}"`

&nbsp;
- **Example** :

`>>> name = "Alice"`  
`>>> print(f"Hello, {name}!")` 

Will output `Hello, Alice`

&nbsp;

- **You can even embed expressions directly** :

`>>> age = 30`  
`>>> print(f"In ten years, {name} will be {age + 10} years old.")`

Will output `In ten years, Alice will be 40 years old.`


&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## 4. Hands-on Exercise: Crafting a Comprehensive Print Statement 📝

1. Setup: Open your Python Shell.

2. Ask the User for Data using multiple input():   
Prompt the user for their name and store it in a variable `name`  
Ask the user for their age and store it in a variable `age`  
Inquire about their favorite programming language and store it in a variable `favlanguage`.

3. Craft a Comprehensive Output:  
Using a single print() function and an f-string, display a summary of the information collected:

Your goal: Craft a statement like: "Hello [name]! You are [age] years old and your favorite programming language is [language]."

Hint: Remember the f-string format: f"Your text here {your_variable_here}".


&nbsp;

&nbsp;
---

&nbsp;

### 🌟 Congratulations on completing the 'Input and Output' lesson! 🌟

You've successfully learned how to interact with users through the Python shell and display formatted results. As you might have sensed, this is just the tip of the iceberg.


### 🚀 A little teaser for what's ahead : 
Getting a tad weary of the Python shell? We get it! Bear with us for just one more lesson. 

In the following chapter, we'll guide you through setting up a full-fledged Integrated Development Environment (IDE) on your computer. That's right — it's soon time to move beyond the shell and embark on crafting your very first "real" Python programs. The adventure is only getting started!

Until then, keep experimenting, stay curious, and most importantly, have fun coding!

Input and Output

In this foundational chapter, we embarked on our Python programming journey by covering core concepts and building the essential skills to get started. 

Let's take a moment to reflect on what we've achieved:

&nbsp;


### Lesson 1: Variables and Data Types 🏷️

- Grasped the fundamental concept of variables in programming, imagining them as named containers for storing data.
- Dived into Python's primary data types, including Strings, Integers, and Floats, understanding their unique characteristics and roles.
- Got hands-on by creating and printing these variables, laying the foundation for more complex operations in future lessons.

&nbsp;

### Lesson 2: Basic Operators 🧮
- Uncovered the power of arithmetic operators to perform mathematical tasks, from simple additions to exponentiations.
- Introduced comparison operators, enabling us to make decisions by comparing values, resulting in Boolean outcomes: True or False.
- Exercised our newfound knowledge, carrying out basic arithmetic operations right within the Python shell.

&nbsp;

### Lesson 3: Input and Output 🗣️
- Became proficient with Python's input() function, opening the doors to interactive programs by gathering data directly from users.
- Enhanced our feedback mechanism by learning how to display data back to users using the versatile print() function.
- Upped our print game by mastering f-string formatting, offering clearer and more user-friendly outputs.


&nbsp;

&nbsp;
--- 
🌟 Kudos to you for reaching this far! 🌟 With these three foundational lessons under your belt, you're well-equipped with the knowledge and hands-on experience to tackle more complex topics.

**In the upcoming chapter**, we'll dive deeper into the world of python and we'll transition from the shell to setting up an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), where you'll start building more intricate Python applications.

 We'll go over what are called Control Structures, which will allow us to really go to the next level when it comes to programming! The excitement continues!

Basics of Python Programming

&nbsp;

### **Introduction 🚀**

Congratulations on successfully navigating through the foundational concepts of Python in the shell! 

So far, we've used the Python shell as a playground—a sandbox where we could focus on the basics, play around with Python’s syntax, and receive instant feedback. 

It’s a great tool to practice and validate our learning, but as we dive deeper, we need a more equipped environment to write, test, and debug our Python scripts.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;


### **Why an IDE?** 🤔
This is where Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) come into play. An IDE is like a Swiss Army knife for programmers, offering a range of tools and features to make coding more efficient and enjoyable. Features like syntax highlighting, code completion, and debugging tools make an IDE an invaluable asset for any developer.

While numerous IDEs are available, each with its unique features and strengths, we’ll be using **PyCharm Community Edition** in this course. It’s a popular, free, and open-source IDE specifically designed for Python. It offers a friendly interface and powerful features that will make our Python journey smoother. However, if you have experience with another IDE, feel free to use it! The core concepts we’ll be learning are universal, and all IDEs serve the same ultimate purpose: helping you code effectively.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;


## **Installing PyCharm Community Edition** 💻


Let’s get our hands dirty and install PyCharm!

&nbsp;

1. **Download**: Visit the [PyCharm download page](https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/) and download the **Community Edition**.
>Be sure to install the Community edition and not the profesional ! If you do, simply uninstall it and reinstall the correct one.

2. **Install**: Follow the installation instructions appropriate for your operating system. If you encounter any issues, check the [Installation Guide](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/installation-guide.html) for help.

3. **Launch**: Once installed, open PyCharm, you should now see an interface with a "Welcome To Pycharm" and three buttons.

![](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/820445439949144104/1154766800236576900/image.png)
Perfect, now that PyCharm is on your machine we can create a new project for this course !

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **Creating Your First Project 🎉**

With PyCharm installed, let’s create our first project!


&nbsp;

1. **New Project**: Click on “Create New Project” and name it `LearningPython`. The default location should be good to go.
2. **Untick**: "Create a main.py welcome script", as we'll create our first script ourselves
3. You should be able to leave everything untouched, once you did step 1 & 2 you can press the create button
![](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/820445439949144104/1154767966169214976/image.png)

&nbsp;

Now once you've created your first project, the main PyCharm window will open and should look like this:
![](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/820445439949144104/1154769545001717760/image.png)

IDE's are full of features, and going trough all of them would need a complete course on it's own, as this is a 101 we'll not dive into PyCharm feature set and will only focus on the essential !

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **Creating Your First Script 📜**

Now that we have a project, let's make our first script inside it !

&nbsp;

1. Right Click on your project name in the right side of the screen, select New, and then Python File
![](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/820445439949144104/1154770244913594368/image.png)
2. A Small box will then appear for you to type this new file name, let's go with `TestScript`, and then press Enter
![](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/820445439949144104/1154770516679335986/image.png)
3. Let's now write our very first script ! We'll write a very simple code to prompt the user for his name and then print it.
```
name = input("What is your name ? : ")
print(f"Hello, {name} !")

```
Which in your PyCharm should look like this:
![](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/820445439949144104/1154771944378478662/image.png)

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **Launching Your First Script 🚀**

Now, all that remain is for us to test what we just made, ready ?

1. Locate the green play button situated at the top right of your application and press it !
![](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/820445439949144104/1154772989968138322/image.png)
2. This will open a new `Run` box at the bottom of your screen, this is where the magic will happen ! You can now see it has executed our first line of code `name = input("What is your name ? : ")` and is waiting for the user input !
![](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/820445439949144104/1154773280700510270/image.png)
3. Click inside of the `Run` box to place your selection cursor, you can then write your name and press Enter...
![](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/820445439949144104/1154773915193847878/image.png)
&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **Celebration 🥳**

You did it! 

You’ve installed your first IDE, created a project, written a Python script, and run it successfully! 

This is a big step in your Python learning journey. From here, the possibilities are endless, and you’re well on your way to becoming a Python pro!

---

### **What’s Next? 🌟**

In the following lesson, we’ll explore Conditional Statements, get ready to create scripts that can **make decisions** ! 

Also, from here get ready to progressively dive into more advanced Python concepts, now that you have a fully-fledged IDE at your fingertips. The adventure continues! Keep up the excellent work, and see you in the next lesson!



Installing Your First IDE

&nbsp;

### **Introduction**

Great job on setting up your IDE and running your first Python script! With your new coding environment ready, it's time to dive into more Python programming concepts.

 In this lesson, we'll explore **conditional statements**, a crucial component of programming that allows your code to make decisions.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **1. The `if` Statement 🛑**

The `if` statement is the simplest form of conditional statement. It allows your code to execute a block of code only **if** a certain condition is `True`.

The syntax is relatively simple, start with `if` then state your condition, and finally end the line with `:`

```python
temperature = 75
if temperature > 70:
    print("It's a warm day!")
```


&nbsp;

In this example, if `temperature` is greater than 70 (`> 70`), the program will print "It's a warm day!". Remember the comparison operators we learned in the "Basic Operators" lesson? We use them here to form the condition!

&nbsp;

### **Indentation Matters!**

In Python, indentation is essential!

The indented block of code under the `if` statement is what gets executed if the condition is `True`. Be mindful of your spacing!

For examplel:
```python
temperature = 75
if temperature > 70:
    print("It's a warm day!")
print("Perfect to go for a walk!")
```
Here, the line `print("It's a warm day!")` is indented, meaning it will only get executed `if temperature > 70:`  

However, the line `print("Perfect to go for a walk!")` is not, thus will always get executed no matter of the above `if` statement !

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **2. Adding `elif` and `else` 🔄**

While the `if` statement is powerful, combining it with `elif` (short for "else if") and `else` gives your code the ability to handle multiple conditions and a default case.

Example:
```python
weather = "rainy"

if weather == "sunny":
    print("Wear sunglasses!")
elif weather == "rainy":
    print("Bring an umbrella!")
else:
    print("Dress normally!")
```

In this example, if `weather` is "sunny", it'll advise wearing sunglasses. If it's "rainy", it'll suggest bringing an umbrella. For any other weather, it'll advise dressing normally.

> While you can have as many `elif` statement after an `if`, you can only have one `else` statement, and always as the last one

&nbsp;

You can, of course, have multiple blocks of `if` statements in your code !

For example:
```python
weather = "rainy"
temperature = 23

if weather == "sunny":
    print("Wear sunglasses!")
elif weather == "rainy":
    print("Bring an umbrella!")
else:
    print("Dress normally!")

if temperature > 30:
    print("It should be hot today!")
else:
    print("Bring something to cover yourself!")
```
&nbsp;

And you can, even, have conditional statements INSIDE your conditional statements

For example:
```python
weather = "rainy"
temperature = 17

if weather == "rainy":
    if temperature < 20:
        print("Bring an umbrella and cover yourself!")
    elif temperature >= 20:
        print("Bring an umbrella!")
    
```

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **3. Hands-on Exercise: Whole Number? 🔢**

Now it's your turn to practice! Write a simple script that: 

1. Ask the user for a number (1, 24, 23441, etc.) using the `int(input())` functions. (Copy the starting code bellow)
2. Then, based on the input, use conditional statements to determine if this number, when divided by 2, is still a whole number. 
3. Use the modulo operator `%` to determine if the number can be divided by two, remember that `%` gives you the remained of a division. You can go back to the "Basic Operators" lesson for a remainder.
4. If a number is divisble by 2, print "True!", and if not print "False!".
5. Test your newly written script in your IDE ! Use the values 2, 5 & 1234. They should respectively give you True, False and True.


```python
# Here’s a starting point for your script, we put our input() function inside of an int() in order for number to be an integer and not a string, don't worry too much about this
number = int(input("Input a whole number, and I'll tell you if it can be divided by 2 ! : "))

# Now, add your conditional statements here! (Hint, use an if and else)

```

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

## **Conclusion 🌟**

Well done! You've just learned about conditional statements in Python, enabling your programs to make decisions and react differently to various inputs. This knowledge is a building block for creating more complex and interactive programs!

&nbsp;

### **What’s Next? 💼**

In the next lesson we'll talk about **Loops** ! This will allow our code to repeat instructions until some conditions are met ! 


Conditional Statements

Loops

Control Structures

[This free course is actively being worked on and might now yet be complete]

Embark on your coding journey with this free Python 101. Dive into the foundational concepts of programming using Python, one of the most beginner-friendly and versatile languages. No prior experience required – just bring your curiosity!

Kickstart your coding journey with Python, the friendly and versatile language.

Python 101: A First Introduction

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